Pipe Systems  >  FRP - Pipe Systems  >  FRP Fittings Liner PVCC  >  Tee 90°red., pipe type B, DIN 16966


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Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP), also known as GFK (Glasfaserverstärkter Kunststoff) in German, is a composite material composed of plastic resin and fibrous reinforcing material. The reinforcing material consists of glass fibers impregnated with unsaturated polyester resin (UP) or vinyl ester resin from the duroplast group.

In Germany, the vinyl ester resin is officially identified as phenactylate resin, which is based on bisphenol A for types such as Derakane 411-350 or Distrotone VE 100, and on novolac resin for sorts like Derakane 470-300 or DION 9400.

Before processing, these resins are viscous solutions of unsaturated polyesters dissolved in copolymerizable monomers (styrene). The final GFRP product is a combination of this plastic material and glass fibers. It is crucial to ensure proper impregnation of the glass fibers with resin. To achieve this, radicals (peroxides) are added to the liquid resins before impregnating the fibers, initiating the reaction and transforming the resin from a liquid state to a cross-linked state.

During the curing process, no other byproducts are produced, but some of the solvent styrene may be released. The process time typically ranges from 15 to 45 minutes and can be adjusted using accelerators and/or inhibitors. The recipes, including the three components (hardener, accelerator, and inhibitor), are mixed individually based on weather conditions, required processing time, and specific processing requirements.

Depending on the recipe, an exothermic hardening reaction starts within approximately 30 to 120 minutes, generating heat. This reaction leads to the hardening of unsaturated polyester resins through copolymerization, resulting in the formation of cross-linked substances. The polyester molecules form network structures with the styrene. A product manufactured in this way cannot be liquefied by heating and is not soluble in solvents (duroplast).

DIN 16 966 regulates the specific designs, quality, and inspection of UP-GF fittings. This includes criteria such as negative pressure load, layer structure and glass contents, styrene content, surface quality, chemical resistance, adhesion and rigidity, hygienic and toxicological safety, fire behavior, dimensions, inspection, and short-time internal pressure tests.

In addition to UP-GF pipe systems, Kwerk GmbH provides UP-GF lining materials for fittings according to pipe type B. Our delivery program includes:

- PVC-U: Plasticizer-free polyvinyl chloride as per DIN 8061, color grey
- PVC-U: Plasticizer-free polyvinyl chloride as per DIN 8061, color red
- PVC-C: Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride as per DIN 8080
- PE-HD: High-density polyethylene as per DIN 8075
- PP: Polypropylene as per DIN 8078
- PVDF: Polyvinylidene fluoride

Our UP-GF fittings are defect-free, ensuring no air bubbles or cracks. The laminate structure according to DIN 16966 is guaranteed for the entire length. Upon request, alternative UP-GF structures are also available. During the manufacture of UP-GF, all sealing surfaces and seams are properly laminated.

With nearly 40 years of experience in producing and applying UP-GF fittings and connections, our team is ready to answer any additional questions. Simply give us a call at: 0049 2602 999730.


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Plastic pipe systems


Overview of plastic pipe systems
Technical information on ABS pipe systems
Technical information on PVC  U pipe systems
Technical information on PVC  U transparent pipe systems
Technical information on PVC  C pipe systems
Technical information on PP pipe systems
Technical information on PP-R pipe systems
Technical information on PE pipe systems
Technical information on PVDF pipe systems

Chemiedur - pipe


Technical information on UP-GF (FRP) pipe systems
UP-GF (FRP) pipes
UP-GF (FRP) molded parts and connection
UP-GF-PP (FRP) molded parts and connection
UP-GF (FRP) adhesive collars
UP-GF (FRP) loose flanges
Pot Strainer DN 200 - DN 500 Inliner PP/FRP Coated
Pot Strainer DN 200 - DN 500 Inliner FRP/CBL Coated
Angle Seat Strainer DN 200 - DN 400 Inliner FRP/CBL Coated
Manhole mad of FRP and PP/FRP

Plastic pipes


Calculator for cutting pipes
Guidelines for sawing plastic pipe
Leftovers in plastic pipe
Standardization of plastic pipes and molded parts
PVC U pipes deviations
Pressure loss in pipe systems out of PVC U, PVC C and ABS pipe systems
Distinction between Rp, R and G threads
Screw lengths for flange connections

Plastic fittings


PVC U transparent ball valves
Diaphragm valves
Block valves
Butterfly valves
Plastic needle valves

 

Plastic Valves according to ATEX


New EU guideline 2014/34/EU
Plastic Valves in EX zones
Y-Strainers PP-EL DN 15 - DN 50
Check valves PP-EL DN 15 - DN 50
Angle seat valves PP-EL DN 15 - DN 50

Bonding of plastic pipes


Bonding manual
Video showing the bonding of pipes

Plastic welding


Guidelines for extrusion welding


Grids / support grids


GFK grids
Grids out of PP -el electrically conductive
Profile support grids out of PP -el electrically conductive


Molded ventilation parts


Ventilation technology


Chemical hose


PVC transparent hose with fabric inlay


Industrial tanks and chemical containers


Dosing tanks and outer containers 35 – 1000 Liter
Salt dissolving tanks 60 -5000 Liter
Storage tanks and vats
Storage tanks for water
Safety and collecting troughs
Industrial tank delivery program
Dosing tanks with agitator
Dosing tank agitators
Dosing tanks with attachments
Dosing tanks made of sheet material
Customized chemical containers
Dosing tanks with level indicators



 

IBC TANKS/CONTAINERS


IBC screw caps DN 150/DN 200
IBC adapters out of PE
IBC adapters out of PP
MULTI FLEX BLOCK for IBC BULK CONTAINER


Attachment parts for tank construction


Vapor separators
CO2 - absorbes
Manholes
Revision nozzles
Block flange

Filter housings and filter cartridges


PENTEK 3G Slime Line filter housings
PENTEK 3G Standard filter housings
PENTEK Big Blue filter housings
PENTEK PP high temperature filter housings
PENTEK PP all nature filter housings
PENTEK filter bags for Big Blue filter housings
PENTEK surface filter cartridges
PENTEK filter cartridges for depth filtration
PENTEK filter cartridges with activated carbon
CINTROPUR filter systems
CINTROPUR water filters

Flange configurator


Blind flanges, loose flanges,  rectangular flanges

Chemical resistance


Table of chemical resistance for plastic pipe systems
 

Machined plastic parts


Inserts
Screw-in parts
Threaded fittings
Screw fittings

Milled plastic parts


Loose flanges and blind flanges made of sheet material

Static mixers


Static mixers made of plastic

Strainers


Single-type and double-type strainers
Pot strainer DN 300
Angle seat strainer DN 500


Flow meters


Variable area flow meters
Configuration tool for flow meters

Filter presses


Laboratory filter presses

Injection molded parts


Scraper made of PE for filter press

Kwerk Practice Blog


The Kwerk team blogs from the field here



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